Skip to Main Content

Reference Details

Citation
Krug et al 2021
Author
Krug, J., Lemiux, P.M., Lee, C-W., Ryan, J.V., Kariher, P., Shields, E., Wickersham, L., Denison, M., Davis, K., Swensen, D., Burnette, R., Wendt, J.O.L., and Linak, W.P.
Title
Combustion of C1 and C2 PFAS: Kinetic Modeling and Experiments
Source
38th International Conference on Thermal Treatment Technologies and Hazardous Waste Combustors
Publication Year
2021
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Non-Peer Reviewed, Conference/Symposium Proceedings
Source Details
Paper #IT3‐04; January 27‐28, 2021, Virtual Meeting
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
No

Scope

Open ScopeMatrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopeIncinerationPilotOtherPure PFASDestruction efficiency of 3 gaseous PFAS (CF4, CHF3, C2F6) injected at various ports (Tables 2 and 2a); residual concentrations of PFAS and various other combustion products under same condtions (Table 3)

Condition

Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS20717.4 secondAt flame. The model assumed an initial adiabatic flame temperature (2071 °C) and a linear temperature decay to Port 1. PFAS introduced with the natural gas or combustion air (t=0 sec) experience the full temperature profile (Figure 3) and flame chemistry before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 (t~7.4 sec). However, PFAS introduced at Ports 4‐12 experienced reduced temperatures, residence times, and exposure to flame chemistry. For example, CHF3 introduced at Port 12, was exposed to peak temperatures of ~830 °C (1526 °F) before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 ~3 sec later.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS10905 secondPort 4. PFAS introduced with the natural gas or combustion air (t=0 sec) experience the full temperature profile (Figure 3) and flame chemistry before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 (t~7.4 sec). However, PFAS introduced at Ports 4‐12 experienced reduced temperatures, residence times, and exposure to flame chemistry. For example, CHF3 introduced at Port 12, was exposed to peak temperatures of ~830 °C (1526 °F) before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 ~3 sec later.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS9634.2 secondPort 8. PFAS introduced with the natural gas or combustion air (t=0 sec) experience the full temperature profile (Figure 3) and flame chemistry before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 (t~7.4 sec). However, PFAS introduced at Ports 4‐12 experienced reduced temperatures, residence times, and exposure to flame chemistry. For example, CHF3 introduced at Port 12, was exposed to peak temperatures of ~830 °C (1526 °F) before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 ~3 sec later.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS9253.6 secondPort 10. PFAS introduced with the natural gas or combustion air (t=0 sec) experience the full temperature profile (Figure 3) and flame chemistry before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 (t~7.4 sec). However, PFAS introduced at Ports 4‐12 experienced reduced temperatures, residence times, and exposure to flame chemistry. For example, CHF3 introduced at Port 12, was exposed to peak temperatures of ~830 °C (1526 °F) before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 ~3 sec later.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS9003.3 secondPort 11. Temperature is modeled. PFAS introduced with the natural gas or combustion air (t=0 sec) experience the full temperature profile (Figure 3) and flame chemistry before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 (t~7.4 sec). However, PFAS introduced at Ports 4‐12 experienced reduced temperatures, residence times, and exposure to flame chemistry. For example, CHF3 introduced at Port 12, was exposed to peak temperatures of ~830 °C (1526 °F) before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 ~3 sec later.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS8313 secondPort 12. PFAS introduced with the natural gas or combustion air (t=0 sec) experience the full temperature profile (Figure 3) and flame chemistry before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 (t~7.4 sec). However, PFAS introduced at Ports 4‐12 experienced reduced temperatures, residence times, and exposure to flame chemistry. For example, CHF3 introduced at Port 12, was exposed to peak temperatures of ~830 °C (1526 °F) before being analyzed by FTIR at Port 18 ~3 sec later.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS12007 secondInjected at port 1; temperature and treatment time is estimated based on Figure 2. CF4 injected through the natural gas or combustion air at 64 kW furnace load.
Open ConditionIncineration | Pilot | Other: Pure PFAS12356.3 secondInjected at port 2; temperature and treatment time is estimated based on Figure 2. CF4 injected through the natural gas or combustion air at 64 kW furnace load.

Thermal Treatment Results

CF4Incineration | Pilot | Other 1200 °C | 7 second 70.8% Table 2a.
CF4Incineration | Pilot | Other 1200 °C | 7 second 80.4% Table 2a.
CF4Incineration | Pilot | Other 1235 °C | 6.3 second 94.2% Table 2a.
CF4Incineration | Pilot | Other 1235 °C | 6.3 second 87.4% Table 2a.
CF4Incineration | Pilot | Other 2071 °C | 7.4 second 58% Table 2.
CF4Incineration | Pilot | Other 900 °C | 3.3 second 13.9% Table 2.
C2F6Incineration | Pilot | Other 1090 °C | 5 second >99% Table 2. Measured FTIR concentration was not 3x higher than residual indicating very little of the compound remaining.
C2F6Incineration | Pilot | Other 2071 °C | 7.4 second >99% Table 2. Measured FTIR concentration was not 3x higher than residual indicating very little of the compound remaining.
C2F6Incineration | Pilot | Other 831 °C | 3 second ≈0% Table 2. Due to measurement uncertainty, the calculated DE was slightly negative.
C2F6Incineration | Pilot | Other 925 °C | 3.6 second 19.7% Table 2.
C2F6Incineration | Pilot | Other 963 °C | 4.2 second 71.4% Table 2.
CHF3Incineration | Pilot | Other 1090 °C | 5 second >99% Table 2. Measured FTIR concentration was not 3x higher than residual indicating very little of the compound remaining.
CHF3Incineration | Pilot | Other 831 °C | 3 second 94.1% Table 2.
CHF3Incineration | Pilot | Other 925 °C | 3.6 second >99% Table 2. Measured FTIR concentration was not 3x higher than residual indicating very little of the compound remaining.