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References

Reference Details

Citation
Matthis et al 2019
Author
Matthis, J., and Carr, S.
Title
Reactivation of Spent Activated Carbon Used for PFAS Adsorption
Source
Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment
Publication Year
2019
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Non-Peer Reviewed, Non-Government Reports (Includes Books and Book Chapters)
Source Details
CRC Press: New York
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
No
Notes
(Table 13.1 contains post-reactivation PFAS concentrations from a leaching test; pre-reactivation data were not reported)

Scope

Open Scope
Treatment Process
Scale
Matrix
Matrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopeGAC ReactivationFullTreatment MediaGACPost-reactivation leaching results for 15 PFAS; pre-treatment concentrations not reported

Condition

Open Condition
Scope
Temperature (°C)
Treatment Time
Condition Details
Open ConditionGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media: GACNot reportedSpecific treatment temperature not reported. Author indicated the activation process/steam gasification typically occurs between at 1450 deg F and1800 deg F (~780-980 deg C).

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Scope
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
PFOAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.75 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFBAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported 1.9 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFBSGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.18 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFDAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.27 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFDSGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.28 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFDoAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.049 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFHpAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.22 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFHpSGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.17 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFHxAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.51 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFHxSGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported 0.23 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFNAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.24 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFOSGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.48 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFPeAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.43 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFTeDAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.26 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFTrDAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <1.1 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
PFUnAGAC Reactivation | Full | Treatment Media Not reported <0.97 ppt From Table 13.1 (page 17/22). "The reactivated carbon sample was loaded into a column, was backwashed with approximately 8 bed volumes of NSF42 leaching protocol water (50 ppm total dissolved solids [TDSs], 0.5 ppm Cl-, and pH 6.75), was allowed to sit for 24 hours in 1 BV of water, and then sampled. These steps were repeated two additional times and the three leachate samples were composited for analysis. [...] The carbon used in this trial treated approximately 310 million gallons of drinking water with influent PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppb (μg/L)" (page 16/22).
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