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References

Reference Details

Citation
Hatton et al 2019
Author
Hatton, J., Dasu, K., Richter, R., Fitzpatrick, T., and Higgins, C.
Title
Field Demonstration of Infrared Thermal Treatment of PFAS-impacted Soils from Subsurface Investigations
Source
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)
Publication Year
2019
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Government Reports
Source Details
SERDP Project ER18-1603
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
No
Notes
Attempts a complete mass-balance, but could not account for all PFAS

Scope

Open Scope
Treatment Process
Scale
Matrix
Matrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopeInfrared HeatingPilotSoilContaminated soilInitial and time-series concentrations of 29 PFAS in matrix by 3 different analytical methods; time-series removal percent of PFOA, PFOS, and total PFAS by 3 different methods; concentration in off-gas, off-gas condensate, and on VGAC treating off-gas
Open ScopeInfrared HeatingPilotSoilSoil spiked with AFFFInitial and time-series concentrations of 29 PFAS in matrix by 3 different analytical methods; time-series removal percent of PFOA, PFOS, and total PFAS by 3 different methods; concentration in off-gas, off-gas condensate, and on VGAC treating off-gas

Condition

Open Condition
Scope
Temperature (°C)
Treatment Time
Condition Details
Open ConditionInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil: Contaminated soil3508 daythe pilot test was conducted at 350°C for 8 days based on the bench-scale test results
Open ConditionInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil: Soil spiked with AFFF3508 dayThe pilot test was conducted at 350°C for 8 days based on the bench-scale test results. Spiked with AFFF

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Scope
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
N-EtFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <0.6% <0.6 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
N-EtFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.134 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
N-EtFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.097% 0.145 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
N-EtFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <120% <120 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
N-MeFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.154 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
N-MeFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.145 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
N-MeFOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <120% <120 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
Et-FOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <1.98% <1.98 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
Et-FOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0% 0 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
Et-FOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.362% 0.362 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
Et-FOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <60% <60 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FtS 4:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <1.2% <1.2 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
FtS 4:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.579% 0.617 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
FtS 4:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.421% 0.136 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FtS 4:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 4.18% <60 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FtS 6:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 16.9% <2.4 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
FtS 6:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.524% 6.86 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
FtS 6:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 30.2% 8.94 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FtS 6:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 39.7% 4.37 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FtS 8:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.579% 1.76 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
FtS 8:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <1.2% <1.2 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
FtS 8:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <240% <240 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FtS 8:2Infrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 3.53% 2.07 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
Et-FOSEInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.11% 1.19 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
Et-FOSEInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.11% 1.11 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
N-MeFOSEInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <0.12% <0.12 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
N-MeFOSEInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.47% 1.57 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
N-MeFOSEInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.47% 1.47 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
MeFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0% 0 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
MeFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <1.77% <1.77 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
MeFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <1200% <1200 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
MeFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.163% 0.163 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFOAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day >74% 10.4 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- TOPA removal- Low concentration
PFOAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day >97% 5.55 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- Native removal- Low concentration
PFOAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day >74% 7.57 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- CSM removal- Low concentration
PFOAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 97.3% 22.6 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- Native removal- High concentration
PFOAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day >98.1% 81.3 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- TOPA removal- High concentration
PFOAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day >76% 30.04 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- CSM removal- High concentration
PFBAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.597% 0.606 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFBAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <6% <6 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFBAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 14.5% 12.6 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFBAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 3.83% 0.781 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFBSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.52 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFBSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.958% <0.13 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFBSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 15.9% 4.69 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFBSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 56.7% 6.95 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <0.6% <0.6 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFDAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.114 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFDAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.184% 0.145 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <2400% <2400 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.254 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFDSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.816% <0.17 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFDSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.23% 0.204 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 9.59% 0.557 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDoSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.648% <0.17 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFDoSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.136% 0.145 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFDoSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 3.19% 0.209 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDoSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.421% 0.136 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDoAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.154 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFDoAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <0.6% <0.6 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFDoAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.145 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFDoAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <120% <120 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHpAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 1.17 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFHpAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <6.08% <6.08 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFHpAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 12.3% <2400 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHpAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 5.34% 0.17 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHpAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 5.34% 0.17 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHpSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 9.8% <0.6 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFHpSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.126% 7.38 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFHpSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 68.7% 8.5 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHpSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 57.9% 7.39 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHxAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 11.8 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFHxAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 22.2% <1.8 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFHxAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 70.1% 3.12 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHxAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 35.7% 0.999 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHxSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.136% 44.6 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFHxSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 95.9% 0.977 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFHxSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 689% 56.4 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFHxSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 221% 56.4 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFNSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.136% 0.136 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFNSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.8% <0.15 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFNSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 27% 1.88 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFNSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 2.07% 0.262 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFNAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <22.44% <22.44 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFNAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <0.6% <0.6 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFNAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.876 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFNAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <2400% <2400 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFNAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.45% 0.145 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
FOSAAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day <5.66% <5.66 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 0.901 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
PFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.35% <1.27 µg/kgLow Concentration Test Results - CSM (Total)
PFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.985% 0.145 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; SGS treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFOSAInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 1.78% <2400 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days; CSM treatment- High Conc- Treated with AFFF
PFOSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 99.6% 612 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- CSM removal- Low concentration
PFOSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 99.6% 429 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- Native removal- Low concentration
PFOSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 99.6% 490 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- TOPA removal- Low concentration
PFOSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 68.6% 1410 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- TOPA removal- High concentration
PFOSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 74% 1800 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- Native removal- High concentration
PFOSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 74.6% 3227 µg/kgSamples treated for 8 days- CSM removal- High concentration
PFPeSInfrared Heating | Pilot | Soil 350 °C | 8 day 0.145% 2.05 µg/kgSoil Results - Low Concentration Test- Treated for 8 days
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Last updated on October 15, 2024.