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References

Reference Details

Citation
Thoma et al 2022
Author
Thoma, E. D., Wright, R. S., George, I., Krause, M., Presezzi, D., Villa, V., ... and Zemek, P. G.
Title
Pyrolysis processing of PFAS-impacted biosolids, a pilot study
Source
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
Publication Year
2022
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Peer Reviewed Journals
Source Details
DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.2009935
DOI
10.1080/10962247.2021.2009935Exit
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
No
Notes
Results included concentrations and removal efficiencies for 21 detected PFAS in biosolids, biochar, and emission control scrubber water

Scope

Open Scope
Treatment Process
Scale
Matrix
Matrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopePyrolysisPilotSludgeDried biosolidsReported results for 22 PFAS compounds in biosolids, biochar, and scrubber water. See text (p. 313) and Figure 2.

Condition

Open Condition
Scope
Temperature (°C)
Treatment Time
Condition Details
Open ConditionPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge: Dried biosolids64919.1 minuteTemperatures measured at the front and back of the of the reactor were 649 and 586 degrees C, respectively.

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Scope
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
10:2 FTSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 2.6 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
10:2 FTSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >88.09% 3.75 µg/kg 1 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 21.7 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.37% 24.54 µg/kg 0.35 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >98.39% 18.8 µg/kg 0.68 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-MeFOSAAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.48% 31.25 µg/kg 0.37 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-MeFOSAAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >98.83% 27.73 µg/kg 0.72 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-MeFOSAAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 29.5 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
5:3 FTCAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 47.7 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
5:3 FTCAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >98.58% 47.7 µg/kg 1.52 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
7:3 FTCAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 16.6 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
7:3 FTCAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >96.49% 16.55 µg/kg 1.23 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 1.8 µg/kg NDµg/kg See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >81.32% 1.54 µg/kg 0.64 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >91.47% 3.8 µg/kg 0.71 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 4.9 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
Et-FOSEPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 6.3 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
Et-FOSEPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.76% 6.32 µg/kg 0.03 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 18.1 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >87.21% 17 µg/kg 4.88 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.85% 19.24 µg/kg 0.07 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFOAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 85.7 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1); Mean scrubber water concentration 9.1 ng/L
PFOAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.96% 86.65 µg/kg 0.08 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFOAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.75% 84.75 µg/kg 0.46 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFBAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >98.07% 8.07 µg/kg 0.34 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFBAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.78% 5.27 µg/kg 0.03 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFBAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 6.7 µg/kg 0.2 µg/kg See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1); Mean scrubber water concentration 0.6 ng/L
PFBSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 4.1 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFBSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >96.55% 4.11 µg/kg 0.3 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFDAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >98.45% 12.78 µg/kg 0.44 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFDAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.93% 13.11 µg/kg 0.02 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFDAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 12.9 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFDoAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 6.9 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFDoAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >97.26% 6.47 µg/kg 0.4 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFDoAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.62% 7.37 µg/kg 0.06 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFHpAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 8.9 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1); Mean scrubber water concentration 0.2 ng/L
PFHpAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.87% 9.21 µg/kg 0.03 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFHpAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >97.51% 8.56 µg/kg 0.47 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFHxAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.95% 35.94 µg/kg 0.04 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFHxAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 36.3 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFHxAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.74% 36.75 µg/kg 0.21 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFNAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.73% 5.49 µg/kg 0.03 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFNAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 5.4 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFNAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >97.34% 5.22 µg/kg 0.31 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFOSAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 27.9 ng/L See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFOSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.66% 25.08 µg/kg 0.19 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFOSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.08% 22.25 µg/kg 0.42 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFOSPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 23.7 µg/kg 0.5 µg/kg See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFPeAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.54% 6.94 µg/kg 0.07 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFPeAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 7.1 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFPeAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >97.55% 7.17 µg/kg 0.39 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFTeDAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 2.2 µg/kg NDµg/kg See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFTeDAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >94.64% 2.16 µg/kg 0.26 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFTeDAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.01% 2.29 µg/kg 0.05 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFUnAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >99.7% 5.05 µg/kg 0.03 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
PFUnAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute 4.2 µg/kg ND See supplemental data table SI Table. 1 (p. 1)
PFUnAPyrolysis | Pilot | Sludge 649 °C | 19.1 minute >96.49% 3.27 µg/kg 0.25 µg/kg See Supplemental SI Table 2; p. 2.
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