References

Citation: Sun et al 2024
Author: Sun, R., Babalol, S., Ni, R., Dolatabad, A. A., Cao, J., and Xiao, F.
Title: Efficient and fast remediation of soil contaminated by per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by high-frequency heating
Source: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 463, 132660.
Publication Year: 2024
Reference Category: Primary Sources
Reference Type: Peer Reviewed Journals
Source Details: 463, 132660
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132660 Exit
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Open Scope	Treatment Process	Scale	Matrix	Matrix Detail	Scope Detail
Open Scope	Electromagnetic Heating	Lab	Soil	soil spiked with PFAS	pre and post-treatment concentrations of 12 PFAS compounds, 2 AFFFs, and 2 flurosurfactant concentrates for 2 scenarios with varying thermal attributes and soil texture

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Open Condition	Scope	Temperature (°C)	Treatment Time	Condition Details
Open Condition	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil: soil spiked with PFAS	845	2 minute	Study looks at degradation efficiency over 120 seconds between 500 - 845 C (heating rate of 14.5 degrees C/second via electromagnetic induction; 500 C at 30 s; 845 C at 60 s)
Open Condition	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil: soil spiked with PFAS	845	1 minute	Study looks at degradation efficiency at 60 seconds (845 C at 60 s)

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Analyte	Scope	Condition	Effectiveness (%)	Initial Concentration	Additional Details
HFPO-TA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 2
HFPO-TeA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 2
HFPO-DA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 2
PFOA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	99.81%	0.02 umol	Figure 1
PFBA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 1
PFBS	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 2
PFDA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 1
PFHxS	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	99.61%	0.02 umol	Figure 2
PFNA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 1
PFOS	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	100%	0.02 umol	Figure 2
PFPeA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	99.91%	0.02 umol	Figure 1
PFUnA	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 2 minute	99.97%	0.02 umol	Figure 1
Total PFAS	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 1 minute	100%		Figure 4. PFAS in two surfactant concentrates (FC-100 and FC-170 C). No measurable PFAS was found after thermal treatment.
Total PFAS	Electromagnetic Heating \| Lab \| Soil	845 °C \| 1 minute	100%		Figure 4. PFAS in two AFFF samples. No measurable PFAS was found after thermal treatment.

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