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References

Reference Details

Citation
Watanabe et al 2018
Author
Watanabe, N., Takata, M., Takemine, S., and Yamamoto, K.
Title
Thermal mineralization behavior of PFOA, PFHxA, and PFOS during reactivation of granular activated carbon (GAC) in nitrogen atmosphere
Source
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Publication Year
2018
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Peer Reviewed Journals
Source Details
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5353-2
DOI
10.1007/s11356-015-5353-2Exit
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
No

Scope

Open Scope
Treatment Process
Scale
Matrix
Matrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopeGAC ReactivationLabOtherPure PFASRecovery rate of mineralized F and percent remaining of total PFCAs for 3 pure PFAS under 3 gas conditions (N2, steam, steam+NaOH)
Open ScopeGAC ReactivationLabTreatment MediaGAC spiked with PFASRecovery rate of mineralized F and percent remaining of total PFCAs for GAC spiked with 3 different PFAS under 2 gas conditions (N2, steam+NaOH)

Condition

Open Condition
Scope
Temperature (°C)
Treatment Time
Condition Details
Open ConditionGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media: GAC spiked with PFAS70010 minuteHeated in nitrogen gas environment in quartz tube
Open ConditionGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other: Pure PFAS70010 minuteHeated in nitrogen gas environment in quartz tube
Open ConditionGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media: GAC spiked with PFAS70010 minuteHeated in steamed environment with added NaOH
Open ConditionGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other: Pure PFAS70010 minuteHeated in steamed environment in quartz tube
Open ConditionGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other: Pure PFAS70010 minuteHeated in steamed environment with NaOH added in quartz tube

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Scope
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
PFOAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 30% Initial value not given; PFOA reagent (>95%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFOAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 13%
PFOAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 27% Initial value not given; PFOA reagent (>95%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFOAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media 700 °C | 10 minute 56% 49.4 mg/gInitial value refers to amount PFOA absorbed onto GAC media per gram of GAC media
PFOAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media 700 °C | 10 minute 73.9% 49.4 mg/g
PFHxAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 45% Initial value not given; PFHxA reagent (>97%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFHxAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 4% Initial value not given; PFHxA reagent (>97%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFHxAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 17% Initial value not given; PFHxA reagent (>97%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFHxAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media 700 °C | 10 minute 71% 47.3 mg/gInitial value refers to amount PFHxA absorbed onto GAC media per gram of GAC media
PFHxAGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media 700 °C | 10 minute 90.5% 47.3 mg/gInitial value refers to amount PFHxA absorbed onto GAC media per gram of GAC media
PFOSGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 48% Initial value not given; PFOS potassium salt reagent (>98%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFOSGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 72% Initial value not given; PFOS potassium salt reagent (>98%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFOSGAC Reactivation | Lab | Other 700 °C | 10 minute 32% Initial value not given; PFOS potassium salt reagent (>98%) was applied directly into the heated environment
PFOSGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media 700 °C | 10 minute 70% 10 mg/gInitial value refers to amount PFOS absorbed onto GAC media per gram of GAC media
PFOSGAC Reactivation | Lab | Treatment Media 700 °C | 10 minute 79% 10 mg/gInitial value refers to amount PFOS absorbed onto GAC media per gram of GAC media
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Last updated on October 15, 2024.