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References

Reference Details

Citation
Zhang et al 2021
Author
Zhang, W., and Liang, Y.
Title
Effects of hydrothermal treatments on destruction of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sewage sludge
Source
Environmental Pollution
Publication Year
2021
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Peer Reviewed Journals
DOI
10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117276Exit
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
No
Notes
Concludes that "the current practice of sludge pretreatment by thermal hydrolysis followed by anaerobic digestion is unlikely to degrade all PFAS." Also includes discussion on the effectiveness of extraction methods for analytical purposes.

Scope

Open Scope
Treatment Process
Scale
Matrix
Matrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopeHydrothermal TreatmentNot specifiedSludgeSewage sludge

Condition

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Scope
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | .5 hour≈3 µg/kg ≈5 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour≈3 µg/kg ≈7 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour ≈3 µg/kg ≈10 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | .5 hour≈3 µg/kg ≈4 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | 2 hour≈3 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | .5 hour≈3 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour≈3 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFOAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour ≈3 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | .5 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈18 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈5 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour ≈5 µg/kg ≈12 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | .5 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈8 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | 2 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈9 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | .5 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈3 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈65 µg/kg
PFBSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour ≈5 µg/kg ≈90 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | .5 hour≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0.7 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0.58 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour ≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0.8 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | .5 hour≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0.58 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | 2 hour≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | .5 hour≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHpAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour ≈0.58 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | .5 hour≈4 µg/kg ≈7 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈16 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour ≈5 µg/kg ≈43 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | .5 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈12 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | 2 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | .5 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour≈5 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxAHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour ≈5 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | .5 hour≈0 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour≈0 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour ≈0 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | .5 hour≈0 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | 2 hour≈0 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | .5 hour≈0 µg/kg ≈0 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour≈0 µg/kg ≈1.2 µg/kg
PFHxSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour ≈0 µg/kg ≈2.2 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | .5 hour≈8 µg/kg ≈10 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour≈8 µg/kg ≈9 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 165 °C | 2 hour ≈8 µg/kg ≈20 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | .5 hour≈8 µg/kg ≈9 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 250 °C | 2 hour≈8 µg/kg ≈8 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | .5 hour≈8 µg/kg ≈7 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour≈8 µg/kg ≈14 µg/kg
PFOSHydrothermal Treatment | Not specified | Sludge 300 °C | 2 hour ≈8 µg/kg ≈16 µg/kg
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