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Scope

Scope Details

Reference
Yu, J., Nickerson, A., Li, Y., Fang, Y., and Strathmann, T.J. (2020) Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal wastewater treatment sludge. - Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology
Treatment Process
Hydrothermal Treatment
Test Scale
Lab
Matrix
Sludge
Matrix Detail
Wastewater sludge spiked with PFOS
Data Detail
Percent degradation and percent defluorination of 5 PFAS for various combinations of time and temperature; distribution (partitioning to aqueous, solid, and biocrude oil phases) of undegraded PFAS (5 compounds) for various combinations of time and temperature

Condition

Open Condition
Treatment Temperature
Treatment Time
Time Units
Treatment Details
Open Condition 35030Minute15 weight percent solid sludge slurry
Open Condition 35060Minute15 weight percent solid sludge slurry
Open Condition 35090Minute15 weight percent solid sludge slurry
Open Condition 26060Minute15 weight percent solid sludge slurry
Open Condition 30060Minute15 weight percent solid sludge slurry

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Effectiveness Measure
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
PFOA350 °C | 30 minute 98% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
PFOS350 °C | 30 minute 7% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
8:2 FTUCA350 °C | 30 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
7:3 FTCA350 °C | 30 minute 30% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
FtS 8:2350 °C | 30 minute 50% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
PFOA350 °C | 60 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
PFOS350 °C | 60 minute 46% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
8:2 FTUCA350 °C | 60 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
7:3 FTCA350 °C | 60 minute 93% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
FtS 8:2350 °C | 60 minute 52% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
PFOA350 °C | 90 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
PFOS350 °C | 90 minute 33% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
8:2 FTUCA350 °C | 90 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
7:3 FTCA350 °C | 90 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
FtS 8:2350 °C | 90 minute 66% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 3
PFOA260 °C | 60 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
PFOS260 °C | 60 minute 39% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
8:2 FTUCA260 °C | 60 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
7:3 FTCA260 °C | 60 minute 0% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
FtS 8:2260 °C | 60 minute 26% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
PFOA300 °C | 60 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
PFOS300 °C | 60 minute 35% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
8:2 FTUCA300 °C | 60 minute >99% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
7:3 FTCA300 °C | 60 minute 0% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
FtS 8:2300 °C | 60 minute 49% Percent Degradation1000 ng/gNanograms contaminant per gram of solids sludge; results interpreted from Figure 2
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