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Thermal Treatment Results

Reference: Zhang, W., and Liang, Y. (2022) Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge–effect of four reagents on relevant parameters related to biocrude and PFAS - Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Treatment Process: Hydrothermal Treatment
Test Scale: Lab
Matrix: Sludge
Matrix Detail: Spiked wastewater sewage sludge
Data Detail: Removal of 2 PFAS compounds at 1 temperature and treatment time

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Open Condition	Treatment Temperature	Treatment Time	Time Units	Treatment Details
Open Condition	300	2	Hour

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Analyte	Condition	Effectiveness (%)	Effectiveness Measure	Initial Concentration	Additional Details
PFOA	300 °C \| 2 hour	96%	Percent Removed	221.31 µg/kg	Control; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 4
PFOA	300 °C \| 2 hour	96%	Percent Removed	221.31 µg/kg	Addition of calcium hydroxide; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 4
PFOA	300 °C \| 2 hour	96%	Percent Removed	221.31 µg/kg	Addition of zeolite; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 4
PFOA	300 °C \| 2 hour	96%	Percent Removed	221.31 µg/kg	Addition of red mud; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 4
PFBA	300 °C \| 2 hour	70%	Percent Removed		Control; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFBA	300 °C \| 2 hour	84%	Percent Removed		Addition of calcium hydroxide; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFBA	300 °C \| 2 hour	81%	Percent Removed		Addition of zeolite; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFOA	300 °C \| 2 hour	96%	Percent Removed	221.31 µg/kg	Addition of GAC; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 4
PFBA	300 °C \| 2 hour	75%	Percent Removed		Addition of GAC; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFBA	300 °C \| 2 hour	75%	Percent Removed		Addition of red mud; Percent removal interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFBS	300 °C \| 2 hour	10%	Percent Increase	182.41 µg/kg	Control; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFBS	300 °C \| 2 hour	160%	Percent Increase	182.41 µg/kg	Addition of calcium hydroxide; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFBS	300 °C \| 2 hour	50%	Percent Increase	182.41 µg/kg	Addition of GAC; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFBS	300 °C \| 2 hour	80%	Percent Increase	182.41 µg/kg	Addition of zeolite; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFBS	300 °C \| 2 hour	105%	Percent Increase	182.41 µg/kg	Addition of red mud; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFOS	300 °C \| 2 hour	100%	Percent Increase	36.87 µg/kg	Control; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFOS	300 °C \| 2 hour	115%	Percent Increase	36.87 µg/kg	Addition of calcium hydroxide; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFOS	300 °C \| 2 hour	130%	Percent Increase	36.87 µg/kg	Addition of GAC; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFOS	300 °C \| 2 hour	120%	Percent Increase	36.87 µg/kg	Addition of zeolite; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFOS	300 °C \| 2 hour	140%	Percent Increase	36.87 µg/kg	Addition of red mud; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 4
PFHxA	300 °C \| 2 hour	20%	Percent Increase		Control; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHxA	300 °C \| 2 hour	110%	Percent Increase		Addition of calcium hydroxide; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHxA	300 °C \| 2 hour	50%	Percent Increase		Addition of GAC; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHxA	300 °C \| 2 hour	50%	Percent Increase		Addition of zeolite; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHxA	300 °C \| 2 hour	80%	Percent Increase		Addition of red mud; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHpA	300 °C \| 2 hour	1800%	Percent Increase		Control; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHpA	300 °C \| 2 hour	3250%	Percent Increase		Addition of calcium hydroxide; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHpA	300 °C \| 2 hour	2500%	Percent Increase		Addition of GAC; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHpA	300 °C \| 2 hour	2400%	Percent Increase		Addition of zeolite; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported
PFHpA	300 °C \| 2 hour	2800%	Percent Increase		Addition of red mud; Percent increase interpolated from Figure 6; Pre-existing concentration not reported

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Condition

Thermal Treatment Results